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Proteomics Glossary

25 essential terms — because precise language is the foundation of clear thinking in Proteomics.

Showing 25 of 25 terms

A deep learning system for predicting protein three-dimensional structures from amino acid sequences with near-experimental accuracy.

Related:Structural ProteomicsProtein Structure Prediction

The application of computational methods to analyze biological data, essential for processing and interpreting large-scale proteomics datasets.

Related:Database SearchFalse Discovery RateMaxQuant

A measurable indicator of a biological state or condition, often a protein or peptide identified through proteomic analysis.

Related:Clinical ProteomicsBiomarker Discovery

A workflow in which proteins are enzymatically digested into peptides prior to MS analysis for protein identification.

Related:Top-Down ProteomicsShotgun ProteomicsTrypsin

An MS strategy that fragments all precursor ions in systematic m/z windows for comprehensive and reproducible analysis.

Related:SWATH-MSData-Dependent Acquisition

A soft ionization method producing multiply charged ions from solution-phase analytes, standard for LC-MS proteomics.

Related:Mass SpectrometryMALDI

The expected proportion of false positives among accepted identifications, typically controlled at 1% using target-decoy approaches.

Related:Database SearchStatistical Validation

The attachment of sugar moieties to proteins, affecting folding, stability, and cell-cell recognition.

Related:Post-Translational ModificationGlycoproteomics

The complete network of protein-protein interactions within a cell or organism.

Related:Protein-Protein InteractionAP-MSYeast Two-Hybrid

Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification, a chemical labeling method for multiplexed proteomics.

Related:TMTIsobaric Labeling

A quantitative proteomics strategy estimating protein abundance from peptide ion intensities or spectral counts without isotopic labels.

Related:Spectral CountingIon Intensity

A separation technique that partitions analytes between a liquid mobile phase and a stationary phase, used to reduce sample complexity before MS.

Related:Reversed-Phase ChromatographyShotgun Proteomics

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization, a technique generating ions from a crystalline matrix for MS analysis.

Related:Electrospray IonizationPeptide Mass Fingerprinting

An analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions for molecular identification and quantification.

Related:Tandem Mass SpectrometryElectrospray IonizationMALDI

The addition of a phosphate group to serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues, a key regulatory PTM in cell signaling.

Related:KinasePhosphoproteomicsPost-Translational Modification

A covalent chemical modification to a protein after its synthesis, regulating its activity, localization, or interactions.

Related:PhosphorylationGlycosylationUbiquitination

A distinct molecular form of a protein product from a single gene, including variations from splicing, mutations, and PTMs.

Related:ProteomeTop-Down Proteomics

The complete set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism under defined conditions.

Related:GenomeTranscriptomeProteoform

Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino acids in Cell culture, a metabolic labeling method for quantitative proteomics.

Related:Quantitative ProteomicsHeavy Isotope

A technique involving two stages of mass analysis: precursor ion selection and fragmentation followed by fragment ion detection.

Related:Mass SpectrometryData-Dependent AcquisitionData-Independent Acquisition

Tandem Mass Tags, isobaric chemical labels enabling multiplexed quantitative comparison of protein abundance.

Related:iTRAQIsobaric LabelingQuantitative Proteomics

An approach analyzing intact proteins by MS without prior digestion, preserving proteoform-level information.

Related:Bottom-Up ProteomicsProteoform

A serine protease that cleaves peptide bonds at the C-terminal side of lysine and arginine residues, the standard enzyme for bottom-up proteomics.

Related:Bottom-Up ProteomicsEnzymatic Digestion

A protein separation method using isoelectric focusing and SDS-PAGE to resolve proteins by charge and molecular weight.

Related:Isoelectric PointSDS-PAGE

The attachment of ubiquitin to a protein, often signaling it for proteasomal degradation.

Related:ProteasomePost-Translational Modification
Proteomics Glossary - Key Terms & Definitions | PiqCue