Primary Education Glossary

A hierarchical classification of cognitive learning objectives from remembering to creating.

Strategies teachers use to maintain an orderly, respectful, and productive learning environment.

A learning theory stating that learners actively construct knowledge through experiences and interaction.

An instructional strategy where small groups of students work together to achieve shared learning goals.

Pedagogy that incorporates students' cultural backgrounds and references into all aspects of learning.

The planned sequence of learning experiences, content, and activities designed to meet educational goals.

Modifying teaching approaches to accommodate the diverse learning needs of students within a classroom.

Ongoing evaluation during instruction to monitor learning progress and inform teaching adjustments.

The practice of educating all students together in general education settings with appropriate supports.

A legal document specifying customized goals, accommodations, and services for a student with a disability.

The ability to read, write, and communicate effectively using written language.

Howard Gardner's theory that intelligence includes multiple distinct domains such as linguistic, logical, and spatial.

The ability to understand, use, and reason with numbers and mathematical concepts.

The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.

A reading instruction method teaching the relationship between letters and their corresponding sounds.

An instructional approach using structured and free play to develop cognitive, social, and physical skills.

The first stage of formal compulsory schooling for children, focused on foundational academic and social skills.

Ongoing training and learning opportunities for educators to improve their instructional knowledge and skills.

A multi-tiered system providing increasingly intensive instructional support to struggling learners.

Temporary instructional support that is gradually removed as learner competence increases.

The process of developing skills in self-awareness, empathy, emotional regulation, and relationship building.

An approach using clearly defined learning standards to guide instruction and measure student achievement.

Evaluation at the end of an instructional period to measure cumulative learning against standards.

A framework for designing flexible instruction that provides multiple means of engagement, representation, and expression.

The range between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance.