Landscape Architecture

The systematic process of evaluating a site's physical, biological, cultural, and regulatory characteristics before design begins. It includes assessing topography, hydrology, soils, vegetation, climate, circulation patterns, and existing structures to inform design decisions.

An approach to landscape design that minimizes environmental impact, conserves natural resources, and creates landscapes that function in harmony with local ecosystems. It incorporates strategies such as native plant selection, water conservation, renewable materials, and reduced energy consumption.

A network of natural and semi-natural systems that provides ecological services traditionally handled by engineered infrastructure. It includes bioswales, rain gardens, green roofs, constructed wetlands, and urban tree canopies that manage stormwater, improve air quality, and reduce urban heat.

The art and science of selecting and arranging plants to achieve aesthetic, ecological, and functional goals. It considers factors such as growth habits, seasonal interest, wildlife value, soil compatibility, maintenance requirements, and spatial composition.

The design of built or non-living elements within a landscape, including walkways, walls, patios, steps, fountains, and other structural features. Hardscape provides the spatial framework that organizes movement, defines spaces, and supports human activity.

The process of assisting the recovery of degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems to a healthy, self-sustaining state. In landscape architecture, this involves re-establishing native plant communities, restoring hydrological processes, removing invasive species, and rebuilding soil health.

The design of outdoor environments that are accessible and usable by people of all ages, abilities, and backgrounds without the need for adaptation or specialized design. It goes beyond minimum ADA compliance to create truly inclusive spaces.

The manipulation of land surface elevations and slopes to direct water flow, prevent erosion, ensure structural stability, and create desired spatial forms. Proper grading is fundamental to the function, safety, and longevity of any landscape project.

A theory and practice that positions landscape as the primary medium for organizing cities, rather than buildings or infrastructure alone. It emphasizes ecological processes, adaptive strategies, and the integration of natural systems into urban form.

A collaborative approach to designing and activating public spaces that capitalizes on a community's assets, inspiration, and potential to create spaces that promote health, happiness, and social connection. It emphasizes community engagement, cultural identity, and human-scale design.