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APhigh school

Financial Literacy Systems

A systems-thinking approach to personal finance covering compound interest, cash flow management, risk and probability, and debt leverage. Builds mathematical intuition for real-world financial decisions.

4units
4topics
60questions
~2hours

Course Units

Learning objectives

  • Explain the difference between simple and compound interest and why compound interest creates exponential growth
  • Apply the compound interest formula A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt) to calculate future values with different compounding frequencies
  • Use the Rule of 72 to estimate doubling time for investments and distinguish it from tripling or other growth targets
  • Compare APR and APY to evaluate the true cost of loans and the true return on savings accounts
  • Explain how inflation erodes the real value of savings and adjust compound interest calculations for real vs nominal returns

Topics in this unit

Learning objectives

  • Distinguish between income and wealth and explain why high earners can still have negative net worth
  • Build a personal cash flow statement that tracks income, fixed expenses, variable expenses, and net savings rate
  • Design a flexible budget using the 50/30/20 framework and explain how to adjust when income or expenses change
  • Calculate the target size of an emergency fund based on monthly expenses and explain why liquidity matters
  • Evaluate the tradeoffs between saving, investing, and paying down debt at different interest rates

Topics in this unit

Learning objectives

  • Calculate expected value by weighting possible outcomes by their probabilities
  • Explain the risk-return tradeoff and why higher returns require accepting greater uncertainty
  • Use standard deviation to compare the riskiness of different investments with similar average returns
  • Distinguish between systematic and unsystematic risk and explain how diversification reduces only the latter
  • Apply expected value calculations to personal insurance decisions and explain when self-insuring makes financial sense

Topics in this unit

Learning objectives

  • Distinguish between secured and unsecured debt and explain how each affects interest rates and lender risk
  • Calculate and interpret key leverage metrics including debt-to-equity ratio and interest coverage ratio
  • Demonstrate through numerical examples how financial leverage amplifies both gains and losses on equity
  • Analyze an amortization schedule and explain why early loan payments are predominantly interest
  • Explain how credit scores are calculated and identify strategies to build and maintain a strong credit history

Topics in this unit