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NGSShigh school

High School Biology 1

First-semester biology covering cells, genetics, molecular biology, evolution, and an introduction to microbiology. A focused course for students beginning their life-science journey in high school.

4units
8topics
120questions
~3hours

Course Units

Learning objectives

  • Describe the three tenets of cell theory and their historical development
  • Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures
  • Explain the functions of major organelles including mitochondria, ribosomes, and ER
  • Describe mechanisms of passive and active membrane transport
  • Explain why cells have size limits and how surface-area-to-volume ratio constrains cell growth

Topics in this unit

Learning objectives

  • Explain Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment
  • Describe DNA structure, replication, and the roles of key enzymes
  • Trace the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein
  • Distinguish between types of genetic mutations and their effects on phenotype
  • Predict outcomes of genetic crosses involving incomplete dominance, codominance, and sex-linked traits

Learning objectives

  • Explain natural selection and identify the conditions required for it to occur
  • Describe the Hardy-Weinberg principle and factors that disrupt genetic equilibrium
  • Compare mechanisms of speciation including allopatric and sympatric models
  • Analyze evidence for evolution from fossils, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology
  • Evaluate how genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation interact with natural selection to drive evolutionary change

Learning objectives

  • Describe the historical development of microbiology and Koch's postulates
  • Compare bacterial cell wall structures in Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms
  • Explain mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria
  • Distinguish between the major categories of microorganisms and their roles in ecosystems
  • Explain the role of beneficial microorganisms in nutrient cycling, digestion, and biotechnology applications