Classical Mythology Glossary

A divine shield or breastplate associated with Zeus and Athena, often bearing the head of the Gorgon Medusa.

The food of the gods in Greek mythology, which conferred immortality and divine vitality.

The Greek concept of excellence or virtue, encompassing moral goodness, bravery, and fulfillment of purpose.

The mythological transformation of a person or object into a star or constellation.

Relating to the earth or underworld, used to describe deities and spirits dwelling beneath the earth's surface.

A mythological account of the creation and origin of the universe.

A divine spirit or lesser deity in Greek mythology, intermediate between gods and mortals.

Literally 'god from the machine'; a dramatic device in Greek theater where a god appears to resolve an otherwise unsolvable plot.

The Elysian Fields, a paradise in the underworld reserved for heroes and the virtuous dead.

A myth that explains the origin or cause of a natural phenomenon, cultural practice, or name.

A tragic flaw or error in judgment that leads to the downfall of a hero in Greek tragedy.

Excessive pride or arrogance, especially defiance of the gods, which invites divine retribution.

A descent to the underworld, undertaken by a hero as a journey to confront death or gain knowledge.

Glory or fame, especially as achieved through heroic deeds and preserved in song and story.

A transformation from one form to another, often enacted by the gods as punishment, rescue, or reward.

The three Fates (Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos) who control the destiny of mortals and gods.

One of nine goddesses who presided over the arts and sciences, daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne.

The drink of the gods, which along with ambrosia sustained their immortality.

The goddess of retribution and the concept of divine punishment for hubris or moral transgression.

The Greek concept of homecoming, especially the return of heroes from the Trojan War.

A sacred site or priestess through which a god communicated prophecies, most famously at Delphi (Apollo).

The complete collection of gods worshipped by a particular culture or religion.

A Roman virtue encompassing duty, devotion, and loyalty to the gods, family, and state.

The deepest region of the underworld, used as a dungeon of torment for the Titans and the most wicked mortals.

The Greek custom of hospitality and the sacred bond between host and guest, protected by Zeus.